Etymologies

I’ve decided to make lists of all the words used for etymologies and their country of origin used to name genera and species. These pages will have different languages, animals named after people, locations, formations and miscellaneous.   The Greek and Latin will be side by side since they are the more common source for words used and the rest will be single columns.

 

Common Greek and Latin names

Greek			Latin
A
a-	not, without, denoting absence		abavus	great-great-grandfather
abriktos	awake		absitus	distant, apart, or remote
abyssos	deep pit, bottom-less		acanthus	thorn
acanthi	thorn		acclivis	high
acanthus	spine		achillis	known
acidentatus	sharp – pointed teeth		acinaces, akinak	a short Scythian sword
acrista	crestless		anchauro	morning
acritos	stumbling, mixed		acre	hard or strong
Adelo, adelos	Obscure, unknown		acclivis	high
adamantas	diamond		acuere	to sharpen
admetos	unbroken, untamed		arcus	arch
adolo	true		acus	needle
adynamos	weak		acutus	pointed, sharp
aegis	shield		acus, a noun in apposition	needle
aequalis	symmetry		adamas, adamanticus	diamond
aero	wind		Adeo	far
aeros	air		aenigma	Enigmatic, enigma or riddle
aetos	eagle		aequalis	contemporary
agan	much		acus, a noun in apposition	needle
agomphios	without tooth		Afro-	Africa
agreus	hunter		agilis	agile, nimble, quick
aigialos	beach, sea-shore		agito	agile
aigyptos	Egypt		agnus	lamb
ailouros	cat, weasel		ala	wing
ainigma	enigma, riddle		alatus	winged
ainobias	very strong		albus	white
aipys	high, lofty		alienus	strange
aistos	best, superior		aletho	true
akamptos	rigid		alios	other
akantha	thorn		alius	other
akaina	thorn		alo	wing
akanthias	prickly		altera	different from/other
ake	point		altithronus	one enthroned on high, seated in heaven
akhyros	needle-point		Alti-, altus	high
akidnos	week, feeble		altivolans	soaring/high flyer
akido	the point		alveus	reservoir
akleistos	unclosed		amoena	lovely
akros	highest		ambedo	to nibble
aktios	shore or beach		ambiquus	vacillating, uncertain
alektros	unbedded, unmarried		ambo	both
aleo	grind		Ambrosius (ambro-ambrose)	immortal
aletes	wanderer, wandering		amictia	friendship
alexo	I defend		amicus	friend
alok- (alox)	furrow		anas	duck
aletri	plow		anceps	ambiguous
alopek- (alopex)	fox		angulata	angulate
alpha	A		Angulus	corner, angle
aphros	foam		anguirostris	narrow-muzzled
amara	Ditch or channel		angustus	narrow
ambloo	abort		Animant	living
amblys	blunt		anomalo	anomaly
amphi	around, on both sides		anser	goose
amblys	darkness		antarcticus	southern
amygale	almond		ante	before
ammon, ammos	sand		antecedens	going before in rank or time, ancestral
alok- (alox)	furrow		antecessor	forerunner
aletri	plow		antiqua	old, ancient
alopek- (alopex)	fox		ant- (anas)	duck
alpha	A		apertio	an opening
amnicolus	a river dweller		apertio	an opening
amoto	wild		aquila	eagle
amphi	near, around, both		aquilonius	north or northern
an-	not, without		aquatilis	aquatilis
anax	master, ruler, king		apricus	sunny
anchi	near, close		appetere	to grab, seek, or attack
aneu	without		aquilonius	northern
ankylos	curved, crooked, stiff, fused		aptus	adapted
anodon	toothless		arcanus	keeping secret, secret or occult
anomios	dissimiliar, unlike		Archaeo	ancient
anomos	lawless		arcus	arc
anoplos	without armour		arcuatus	bent, curved
arktikos	near the bear, or north		ardea	Heron
ant	against or opposite		arean	sand
ante	forward		arenaceous	small
anteris	buttres		Arenatus, arenosus	sandy
ankylos	curved, crooked [stiff, fused]		argentum	silver
aniksi	spring		armatura	arms, equipment
anisos	unequal, irregular		arquata	arched
anoplos	without arms or armor		arvina	bacon
anosteos	boneless		arx	fortress or citadel
anthos	flower		ascendo	climbing
anthrak- (anthrax)	coal		asper-	Rough, tubercular
ant- (anti)	against, opposite		asser	beam or pole
antron	cave, cavity		assiduous	regular, constant
anthropos	human		aster	star
antoikos	living oposite		astra	black
aoknos	restless		atavus	great-grandfathers’ grandfather
apatao	deceive		atlanticus, -a, -um	Atlantic ocean
apedos	even, flat or level		atrox	ferocious, cruel
apeoros	soaring		atus	provide with
aphanizomai	To disappear, to become reduced		augustus	majestic
aphanoe-	hidden		aurora	dawn
apheles	simple		auris	ear
apistos	untrustworthy		aurum	gold
aplestos	insatiate, gluttonous		australis	the south, the south wind
apnoos	dead		austri- (auster),	southern
aporema	doubt or perplexity		avia	grandmother
apoxys	tapering off
aps	backwards
apsconditus	covert, disguised, hidden, secret or concealed
araios	thin, slender
arbore	tree
arcanus	latent
archae, archaios, arkhaios	ancient
arctous	arctic, northern
arcus	rainbow
argestes	the Homeric wind from the southwest
argyros	silver
aristos	best, superior
aristotokos	of noble origin
arkhaios	ancient
arkhon	chief, ruler
arktos	north
arktos	bear
arnon	lamb
aroter	ploughman
artamos	butcher
arthron, arthro-	jointed
Asiat-	Asia
aspidos	round shield
aspros	white
astorgos	merciless or inexorable
aspis	shield
asty-	town
Aster/astro	star
astron	constellation, star
asutralos	south
asylos	unharmed, safe from violence or asylon, refuge, sanctuary
atopos	strange or out of place
atroci	savage
atychis	unfortunate
au	backwards, again
aukhen	neck
aulak- (aulax)	groove, furrow
aurora	Dawn, daybreak
austium	mouth of a river or stream
austro	southern
avita	ancient, primitive

B
baios	little or small		barbarus	Foreigner, strange
baktros	staff, club		basis	base
baios	small		batalaria	warship
balaneion	a hot-spring or bath		batis	ray
bamos	walker
bapto	dive		Bella, bellul, bellus	beautiful, fine
barys	heavy		bellator	warrior
Basil, basileus	king		bellatorius	warlike, martial, pugnacious
basileus	tsar		bestiola	small animal
bates	walker		bi	two
bathys	deep		bicosttus	two-ridge
batos	Large Ray		binus	two by two, couple or pair
batos	bramble		bispeutus	twice buried
batrachos	frog		biseri	double rows
Beel'zebul	devil		blatta	cockroach
bema	step		borealis	northern
barys	heavy		brachium	upper arm
blys-(blyzo)	flow, spout forth		bracteatus	deceptive, delusive
bolos	lump, clod		brevis	short
bore	north		bri-	short
borealis	northern		bu	large
boreas	north wind		bubo	owl
bores	north		bufo	toad
bothrion	Little ditch, trench, furrow		bulbu	a bulb
Brachon, brakhion, brachis	arm		bulla	the capsule of gold worn on the neck of young boys of noble Roman families
			bulla	boss
brachys	short
bradus	delayed or tardy
bradys	slow, heavy
brakhus	short
brime	strength
brithos	weight, burden
brakhion	arm
brakhys	snout
bronto	thunder
buno	knobby
bypakros	nearly the highest

C
caelestis	heavenly or divine		caeruleus	blue
cali	beautiful		calleo	be thick-skinned
callio	beautiful		canaliculatus	channeled
callistos	most beautiful		caniculatus	a channel or conduit
Campto	bent		canius	canine tooth
campylos	coube		capio	to catch
carcharias	shark		capulus	sword or handle
carin	keel		caput	Head, skull
carto	shortened		carbo	coal
caryon	prouberances		carina	keel or crest
catena	a chain		carn (caro)	flesh
cavum	cave, cavity		carinatus	keeled
celene	moon		carnifex	executioner, hangman, scoundrel, murderer, butcher
cer	corner		carpon	ossified carpals
ceras	horn		carpus	wrist
ceratinus	horned		caseus	cheese
Campto	bent		cassis	helmet
ceratops	horned face		Castro	beaver
-cetes	to dwell		catena	chain/circuit, continuous row/series
champsi	Ancient Greek from the Egyptian word for crocodile		Cauda, caudatus	tail
charasso	notch		cauducus	fallen
chasma	wide opening, chasm		cedro	cedar
chauliodouts	with prominent teeth		celatus	to conceal or hide
cheir	hand		celer	swift
cheneos	goose-like		celtes	chisle
cheir	hand		-ceps	head
cherasinus	cherry		cerebrum	brain
Cheiros, cheirus	hand, manus		Carentonia	"Charente", a river close to Madame Island, western France
chelone	turtle		chelys	Tortoise, lyre of ancient Greece, or tortoise
chelys	tortoise-shell lyre		cimex	bug, insect
chersis	terrestrial turtle		circ-	Wheel
chili	lip		citipes	fleet-footed
chirus	widower		citus	Swift
chondros	cartilage		colepium	knuckle (of beef or pork)
chroma	color, paint		clavis	key
chrysos	gold		clivosus	hilly
clasmato-	fragment		clypeus	Shield
cneme	leg		coartare	pack together
codium	head		cochleo	spoon
cornu	horn		coeruleus	Blue
cory	helmet		collis	Hill
cricos	ring		collum	Neck
cristata	ridged		compressissimus	narrow, constricted
critta	creature		compressus	compressed
Cruris, crus	shin leg		concavus	concave
cubiculairs	translates to "of the lair		concordia	unity, agreement, harmony
curvus	curve		conflata	fused
Cyb	skull		conicus	conical
cyno	dog		consors	spouse
			constrictus, pp. of constringere	compress
			contectus	closed or covered
			contritus	well-used, long-known
			convallis	enclosed valley
			corax	raven
			cornice	ornamental molding along a wall
			corollatus	coronal
			corona	crown
			corrugatus	wrinkled
			corus	northwest (wind)
			corvus, Corvi,	Raven or crow
			costa	rib, vein
			costatus	Ridged, with ribs
			coxa	hips
			cranium	skull
			crassus	Dense, thick
			creta	Chalk
			cristos/cristatus	crest
			crus	shin
			cruz	cross
			Culico-, culex	gnat or midge
			cuneus	wedge
			cuntundere	to squash
			-cursor	runner
			curtus	shorten
			curvus, curvatus	curved
			cus	like
			cuspis	Point, Sharp point
			cuspirostris	sharp-beak

D
da-	very		danubius	the Danube River
dactylos	finger		dectes	biter
dakos	tearing		delecto	admire, delight
Daktila	toe		delicate, delicatus	soft, tender, delicate
dapto	gnaw, tear apart		delta	delta
dasplet-(dasples)	frightful
de austro	from the south		Dens, dentis	tooth
deimodos	terrible		densus	compact, tightly packed, thick
Daimon	evil spirit		denticulatus	with small teeth
dectikos	biting		depress	press-down
deilos	worm or man		derma	skin
deinos	Fearfully great		dermus	covering
deire	neck		desertus	deserted
dektes	bitter, Jaw-bitter		desideratus	desired
delphakion	piglet		dibamos	on two legs
delphinos	dolphin		digit	digit
delphys	uterus, womb		digitulus	little finger
delta	delta		dilatus	spread or expanded
demas	body		diluvi	deluge or flood
demos	of the people		disco	discal
dendritic	tree-branch-like		dispar	unlike
dendron	tree		dispersus	dispersed
denticulum	denticle		disseco	to dissect
desmos	Bond, chain, tie, link		dissectus	deeply dissected, sculptured
deuteros	second		diutinus	long-lasting
di-	two		dolium	cask, barrel
di- (dia)	through, across, on both sides		domitor	tamer, conqueror
diadema	diadem, crown		dorsum	back
diaphora	difference, diversity		dr	crazy
dieire	neck		draco	Dragon, serpent
dikraios	bifurcated, double-headed		Dromiceius	Emu
dikros	double		ductilis	malleable, ductile
dilophus	with two crests		Duria	Dorset
dinops	fierce-eyed		dynastes	ruler
diphyes	double, twofold
diplo-, diplos	double
diskos	disk
dissimilis,	unlike, different, disparate, dissimilar, distinct
dokos	beam, rafter, shaft
dolikhos	long
dolio	crafty, deceitful, cunning
dolon	dagger
dont-	tooth
dorat- (dory)	spear
drakon	dragon
Dromaios, dromas	Running, swift
dromeus	runner
dromikos	Fleet, quickly, walking
dromos	corridor with hipped vault
dutes	a diver
dynamis	power
dryos	tree
dyo	two
drypto	tear
dynamis	power
dys-	bad, difficult
dysalotos	difficult to be captured
dyskritos	of uncertain position
dytes	diver

E
ecenes	drawn-out		edax	gluttonous, voracious
echinos	Hedgehog		edentulae	without teeth
edestes	eater		effigia	ghost
edo	eat		egredior	exceed
ekrixi	explosion		egregius	outstanding, excellent
ekbaino	go out, exceed		elatus	lofty, proud, high
ekteino	stretched out		electrum	amber
ekto	external, outside		elegans	elegant, fine
ektypos	carved in relief		-ellus	little
elegans	elegant		enantios	opposite
elaino	to stray or wander		ends	tooth
elanso	kite bird of prey		ensis	place
elaphros	nimble, light, fleet		eous	eastern
elasma	metal plate		Equus	horse
elephántinos	elephant		erectus	upright, erect
elektor	amber		ericius	hedgehon
eleutheros	a freeman		eury	broad
elos	swamp		evadere	evade
embaphion	saucer		exploro	to find out
emera	day		exilis	thin
emydos (emys)	Turtle, a freshwater turtle		exspectabilis	expected for a long time
enantios	opposite
enneas	nine
Endon, endothi	within
eo/eos	daybreak, dawn, early
epi	After, upon
epidexi	display
eptiome	extract, cut-out
eremia (masc)	desert
eretes, eretmos, eretmus	paddle or oar
eriphos	kid, young goat
erpeton, herpeton	creeping (creature), crawling, reptile
erythros	red
esoteros	interior, inner
esson	inferior, less
-essos	less, little
estemmenos	crowned
eu-	good, true
euaggelistes	bearer of good news
eumetabolos	changeable
eurax	sideways
Eury, eurys	Broad, wide
evrostos	robust
exairetos	excellent, distinguished
exallos	different

F
filluros/phyllos	leaf		falcarius	sickle-maker
form	shape		falcatus	sickle-shaped
fossor	digging		faticanus	prophetic
fumosus	smoky		fecundus	fertile, fruitful
furcatus	forked		fenestratus	windows
			ferum	similar
			ferrum	iron
			ferrous	wild beast
			ferox	wild, bold, fierce
			ferus	animal
			filtrum	filter
			Flabellatus	fan-like
			flatum	flat
			flex	bend, curve or turn
			ferus	wild beast
			fodere	to dig
			folium	leaf
			fontanalis	spring
			foramina	foramina
			forfex	scissors
			forma	image, likeness, shape
			fortis	Mighty, strong, sturdy
			forus	opening
			fossulatus	bumpy
			fovea	a rounded pit
			fragilis	fragile
			fraxinus	ash tree
			frons	Brow, forehead, front
			fulgur	lighting
			fumi	smoke
			funus	rope
			furcula	fork
			furcatus	dichtomically splitted structure
			fuscus	Brown, dark

G
gaia	earth		galeam	helmet
gale	weasel		gallus	rooster, chicken
ganos	luster (enamel)		gannitus	snarling
ge-	"earth" (in the sense of ground)		gena (feminine form)	cheek
genys	jaw, chin		geniculum	diminutive
gale	weasel		Geminae, geminus	twins
geranos	crane		gemma	precious stone
gi	ground, land		genea	jaws
giganta, gigantikos	giant		genus	genus
glacialis	icy or frozen		germanus	allied
glanos	hyeana		gibb	hunchback
glarid- (glaris)	chisel, file		gigan	giant
glires	rodent		giganteus	Huge, gigantic
glokhinos	arrow point		gilia	mud
glyph	sculpture		giganteus	like that of Giants.
glyphanos	carving tool, chisel		glabra	smooth
gnathos	jaw		gladius	sword
gomphios	Cheek/molar tooth		glaucus	bluish green or gray, sea-colored
gonia	angle, corner		glaber	with smooth surface
gonus	corner		Gallus	ancient inhabitant of France
gorgos	swift, fierce		Globus, globosus	round, globose
gyrinos	tadpole		gnathus	Jaw
Grypho, gryphos	Enigmatic, enigma		graculus	cormorant
grypos	crooked, hook-nosed		gracilis	slender
gypson	chalk, gypsum (Cretaceous)		grallator	one who walks on silts
			grand	large
			grandis	full-grown, grown up, large
			granivora	seed-eater
			gravis	heavy, weighty, important

H
hadros	bulky, stout, strong, fullness, powerful, sturdy		hallux	first pes digit
halimos	belonging to the sea		hemi	half
halios	of the sea		heredium	heritage
halis	sea		Hesperia	Spain
haltikos	good at leaping, nimble		Histria	Istria
halops	simple		homhen	wide and flat
haplos	single or simple		honorarius	named in honour
harmos	shoulder		Hoplon	carapace
harpaco	size		horridus	frightful
harpact	seize or grasp		horrificus	awful, horrible, dreadful
hedron	angle		hortus	park or grounds
helos	swamp, marsh
helos	nail
henos	one
hepta	seven
herma	boundary marker, cairn, pile of stones
heteros-	Other, different
hieron	temple
hieros	sacred
hesper, hesperos	western
hetairos	companion
hexa	six
Hippos	Horse
hodites	traveler
homalos	level, even, plane
homos	same
hoplon	weapon, shield
hoplites	armed foot-soldier, shield (hoplon) carrier
Haplocheir (Latinzed Greek)	simple hand
hekaton	one hundred
helios	sun
henos	old
hetairos	companion
hyaina	hyaena
hydralme	salt water
hydro	water
hydrotheros	fisherman
hylaios	belonging to the forest (Wealden)
hylos	woods, forest
hyos	pig, hog
hyphalos	submerged, underwater
hypo-	below, under, on the lower side
Hypo, hyps	High, deep
hypos	under, below
hyspi	highest
hypsos, hypselos	high/tall/lofty

I
ia	pertaining to		iaceo	to be neglected
ias	bioconcave (vertebrae)		Iberia	Iberian peninsula
-ica	belonging		ignavus	coward
ictus	weasel		ignotus	unknown
ichnos, ichnus	trace, track		ilium	Flank, groin
-icus	belonging to		imber, imberis,	shower
idanos	beautiful		imperfecta	imperfect
iklos	dweller		imperforatus	unpunctured
iktis	ferret		impero	commanding or powerful
inion	nape of neck		impotens	powerless or week
insula	island		improcerus	diminutive
iris	rainbow		improvidus	not anticipating
iscus	little		inaequālis	unequal, dissimilar, unlike
istion	sail		incola	inhabitant
			incumbens	overhanging
			Indus	India
			incola	an inhabitant
			inconcinus	awkward, coarse
			infernalis	belonging to the lower regions, hellish
			Infernum, infernus	hell or underworld
			infinitus	indefinite
			ingens	Enormous, massive
			Ingentia	huge
			irregularis	irregular
			ins	from
			insignis	remarkable, extraordinary
			insolitus	unusual
			insperatus	unexpected
			insular	island dweller
			intermedius	intermediate
			interpres,	mediator, interprete
			intrepidus	unshaken, undaunted, brave, bold
			inusitatus	unusual, new, different, unseen
			iugum	ridge
			iter	journey

J
			juba	mane
			jugal	jugal
			juniperus	juniper
			junius	younger

K
kalathos	basket		koilamus	cavity, pocket
khaleops	vexacious
kallos	delicate
kalyptos	covered
kamara	chamber
kamarotos	chambered
kampulos	bowed or bent
kamptos	Flexible, bent
kainos	recent
kapros	boar
kapto	snatch at food
karcharias	shark
Kara	head
kardia	heart
kataktes (Katagnumi)	crusher, breaker
kataphraktos	clad in armor
kathetos	perpendicular
kato	downwards
kaulos	stalk
keiro	shear, cut
kentron	spur, sharp point
Kephale, kefale	head
kephalikos	cephalic
kepos	garden
kerat- (keras)	horn
kerkos	tail
keramos	potter’s clay
keraunos	thunderbolt
ketos	whale
keteios	whale-like
khampsa	crocodile
kheir	hand
khelys	turtle
ktenion	small comb
khasma	wide opening, gape of the jaws
Kheir, kheiros	hand
khoiros	hog, pig
khthamalos	low, on the ground
khthonios	relating to soil, terrestrial
kikopos	two oared
kimolia	white earth, clay [Cretaceous]
kion- (kios)	column, pillar
kiste	box
klados	branch (ramus)
klao	break
klasma	fragment
kleid- (kleis)	key, clavicle
kleio	close, shut
klomax	Heap of stones
klobion	small cage
klon	sprout, twig
kneme	tibia, lower leg, shinbone
knemos	shoulder
knephas	twilight
knetron	spur, sharp point
knodon	sword
kolaptos	engraved
koilos	embayed, hollows, concave
kollix	bun or roll
kolobos	docked or shortened
kolon	limb
kolophon	apex
kolpos	bay, gulf
kolymbo	dive
kompsos	Elegant, delicate, adorned
konche	shellfish, mussel
kone	funnel
konkhin	shell
konos	cone
kontos	short
Koparion	a small surgical knife
korios	bug
kormos	trunk
koryphaios	leader of a movement or a chorus
koryth-	helmet, crown of the head
kosmos	ornamented
kotyle	hollow, cup
kouris	razor
kourious	youthful
koutali	spoon
kraspedon	edge, border
krataios	strong
krater	cup
kreos	flesh
krikos	ring, circle
krios	ram
kritos	separateed, divided, chosen
kroko	pebble
krokos	lizard
krotaphos	temple (or head)
krymos	chill, cold (dread)
kryo	low temperature
Krypto, kryptos	Covered, hidden
ktenos (kteis)	comb
ktenos	animal, beast
ktonos	murder
kyamos	bean
kyklops	round eye
kyknos	swan
kylos	stunted
kymbe	cup, hollow vessel
Kymat- (kyma)	swelling wave, sea surge
kyn- (kyon)	dog
Kynodon, kynodous	canine tooth
kyphos	hump, knob
kyrbasia	bonnet with peaked crown
kyreo	light upon, find, meet
kyrtos	arched, curved

L
laas	stone		labiatus	lipped
labid- (labis)	forceps, pincers		lacerta	lizard
lobos	lobe		lacrimo	flowing tears
labros	greedy, furious		lacus	lake
lagano, laganon	pancake		lacustris	lacustrine
lagos	rabbit		lancea	lance or spear
laimos	throat		lanceus	lance
lambda	Greek letter “I”		Lanus, lanius	butcher, ripper
lamia	sharklike fish		large	plentiful or bountiful
lamia	blood’ sucking monster		largum	large
lana	wool		latens	latent and hiding
lanthanos	forgotten, overlooked		lateralis	lateral
laos	stone		lati/latus	broad, wide
lax	broad		lato (latus)	wide or extensive
leios	smooth		latum	clay
leispsanon	remainder, remains		lechrios	slanting
lemures	ghosts, sprits		leimma	remainder/residue
leont- (leon)	lion		lepidus	fascinating
lepida	pleasant, charming, witty		levis	light, swift, smooth
lepis	scale		libertatem	independence
leios	smooth		limen	threshold
leptaleos	thin to delicate		limosus	muddy
leptos	thin, slender, small, weak		lingual	small tongue
leuros	smooth, even, flat		Locus	place
lisso	smooth		locusta	grasshopper
lestes	Robber, predator, plunder		longi/longus	long
leuron	rib, side		longicornis	with longest corner
libo	southwest wind		longicornualis	with long horns
limine	boundary		longirostris	long snouted
limne	marsh, swamp		longiripa	long shore
limnaios	of the lake		lorica	leather, cuirass
limnetes	living in a pool or marsh		loricatus	armoured
limnos	marsh, lake, swamp		lotharingicus, -a, -um	Lorraine, north-eastern France
limuis	mud or mire		luceria	to shine
listron	smoothing tool, spade, trowel		ludus	game, play
litargos	running fast		luna	moon
Lithus	Stone or rock		luruds	heavy
logche	a lance		Luso	referring to Lusitania, the province in Roman Hispania related to the current Portugal
logkhos	lance		lutra	otter
lom	brim
lopas	plate
lophus (Latinized from the Greek lophos)	crest
loxos	oblique, slanting
lykaina	she-wolf
lykos	wolf
lythron	gore
lythros	blood

M
machaira	a forward-curving sword		mabuya	a kind of skink
machairis	bent sword		machaera	sword
macrobios	long life		macilentus	thin or lean
markos	long		magna/mangus	Large or great
masson	longer [somewhat elongated]		magnificentia	grand
mastax	mouth		magnificus	great, elevated, noble
Mega, megalos, megas	Big, large		magnus	Great, large, important, mighty
melan	black		maio	mother
mesembrinos	southern		major	greater
mesodme	something built between		mala	jaw
mesos	middle, intermediate		Maledictus, maledicto	damned
mochlos	bar, leaver		mam	mammal
macro	Big, long		mandibula	jaw, mandible
macrus	long		mane	dawn, early
Maia	good mother		manus	hand
			mare	sea
mainadros	meander, wander, roam		massivus	massive
makros	Large, long		masticatus	chew
magna	great		mauritania	northern Africa
malthakos	soft, gentle		maxilla	jaw
markos	long		maximus	greatest
marmor-	marble, or the foaming surface of the sea		Mega, megalo	great
masseter	one that chews		meniscus	crescent
mastax	jaw or mouth		mentus	chin
mastikhan	gnash the teeth		mergus	diver
masto	breast, nipple		microporosus	with small pores
matutinus	morning, early		millenii derived from Millennium	one-thousand years
mecistos	long, longest		mimicus	seen, apparent, resembling
medon	lord, ruler		minima	small
meg	big, mighty		minor	minor or small
megas	great, large		minimus	very small, smallest
megist	largest		minister	attendant
mekos	length		minutus	small/tiny
Melas, melanos	black		mir, mirus, mirabilis	wonderful
melano	black		modestus	frugal
melina	badger, marten		mola	millstone
melletes	delayer		monere	To warn
meniskos	small moon, crescent		monitio	Someone who is a warner
menos	strength		mono	one
meros	femur, thigh		mons	mountain
meros	part, portion		monstrum	abnormal or supernatural wonder, monster
mese	middle		mordax	biting
mesos	middle, intermediate		mordeo	biter
meta	changed or altered, between, near, over		mortis	death
metarsios	high up		mos	mountain
metrikos	moderate		mosa	meuse river
metrio	medium/moderate		mosaicus	Inlay, unique
mia	one, only		mucro	sharp point
micro/mikros	Little, small		multisculcatus	many-grooved
			multifiss	multi-facture
Micron, mikkylos	very small		multivagaus	nomadic
mimos	mimic		multus	many
minima	least		murus	wall
minutus	small, insignificant, petty		mus	mouse
mirificus	unusual, peculiar		mutabilis	changeable
mitra	turban		mylus	millstone
mixis	mixture		mys	mouse or small gnawing mammal
mnemeion	memorial
modax	biting
mokhlos	bar, ridge
molybdos	lead
mono-, monos	single
mormon	goblin, specter
moros	stupid
moros	the embodiment of impending doom
morphe	Form, shape
-mos	shoulder
moskhos	calf
mucro	sharp point, edge
mycter	nose, snout
mygale	field mouse
mylos	mill
mylos	molar tooth, grinder
myraina	eel, lamprey
mys	mouse
mys	muscle
mysterion	mysterious
myzon	sucker

N
Nano, nanno	Small, extremely small		naias	a water nymph
nanos	dwarf, pigmy		Naris, nasica	nostril
nautes	Mariner, sailor		nasus	Nose, snout
necta, nektes, nektor, -neustes, nektris	the swimmer		nasutus	large-face
nemos	pasture, wood, forest		navigans	sailing
Neo, neos	new, unexpected		nativus	aborigines
neustikos	swimming
nocheles	slow, sluggish, retarted		nato	born
nokheles	slow, sluggish		natus	born
nomo	to dwell		navis	ship
nothos	bastard, illegitimate		nebulae	misty cloud
nothros	slothful		neglectus	overlooked
noto	south		nidus	nest
notos	Back		niger	black
nyct- nyktis (nyx) nychta	night		nodus	knob, swelling, puzzle
nyti	nose		nova	new
			Normannia	Normandy
			novacula	razor
			numerosus	plentiful

O
odoiporos	traveler		obliquus	Sidelong, oblique
-odon	toothless		oblita	neglected
Odous/odontos/odont, oovs	tooth		Oblongum, oblongus	Elongate, oblong
oenos (oinos)	wine		obtusus	blunt
ogmos	straight line, furrow		occidens	from west
oktos	eight		oceanis	daughter of the sea
olekranon	elbow head		oculi	eyes
oligos	small, little, few		occulus	hidden
Om, omos	humerus, shoulder		Oceanus	ocean
omphalos	navel		oculatus	sharp-sighted, big-eyed
Onyx, onych-, onychos	claw		oculus	eye
Oo	Egg, ova		odous	tooth
opallios	opal		olor	swan
ope	opening		omni	all or multi
ophido-, ophidion, ophis	Serpent, snake		optic	vision
ophthalmos	eye		opus	need, necessity
ophrys	brow, forehead		orhinus	nose
opisthe	backward, behind		oriens	east
opistho	back or rear		orines	east
Ops, op-, opis	face, appearance		orientalis	Eastern, of or from the east
optabilis	desirable		oris	face
opteryx	wing		ornatus	ornamented/decorated
ornis	bird		ortus	origin, beginning
orinos	belonging to the mountains		os	mouth
orophe	roof, ridgepole (dorsal vertebrae)		os sacrum	sacred bone
oros	mountain		ossis	bones
ornith- (ornis)	bird		ostendo	to show or to display
ornithos	straight		osus	full of
orycto	Digging, one who digs		Ovatus	oval
oryktes	digger		Ovi-, ovum	egg
osphyos	lower back or loin
Osteon, ostinos	bone
otkos	eight
otos	ear
oudenos	nothing
oura	tail
ouraniskos	dome, palate
oxys	sharp

P
pachys	thick		pagus	countryside or rural community
pakhus	thick or thickened		pala	shovel
palaios	Ancient, old		palatum, palatus	palate
pappos	grandfather		palma	palm
paralos	near the sea		paleo	old, ancient, primitive
paludos	marshy		palpebra	eyelid or palpebrals
pan	all		palus	swamp
pant- (pan)	all		papillatus	bud-like
pappos	grandfather		pappo	eating
para	similar to, near, beside		Par	pair
paradoxa	paradoxical, unexpected		par-	like
paradoxus	contrary to expectation		para	Near or next to
pardos	panther, leopard		paradisi	genitive from paradise
pareia	Cheek, jaw		paradoxos	strange
pareisaktos	intruder		parva/parvus	Little, small
parvus	petite		passim	untidily arranged
pater	father		passus	open
patrikos	paternal		pastorum	of the shepherds
pauros	few, small		patagium	skin membrane
pedal	shackle		patulus	broad
pedion	a plain		paulus	gradual
pegos	strong		pectin- (pecten), pectinis	comb
peirates	pirate, robber		pecto	meaning to comb
peleoneros	monstrous, gigantic		pedalis	foot
pelte	shield		pectoralis	pectoral fin
pelor	monster		pelecanus	pelcan
pelos	mud, clay		pelta	a small shield
Pelykos, pelyx	pelvis, basin		pennatus	feathered, winged
penelops	wild duck		pene	near, almost
penta	five		penis	tail
pera	pouch		per-	continuous
peregrinus	traveler or wanderer		peregrinus	traveler, foreigner or wanderer
perifania	pride		permirus	surprising, strange
periallos	before all others		perplexus	tangled, intricate
perittos	odd		perplexux	perplexed, puzzled
perplexus	perplex		pes	paw or foot
pessos	round stone game-piece for playing draughts or checkers		petra	stone
peteinos	winged		pertritus	very worn
Petra, petro	rock		pinnaculum	peak or pinnacle
petraios	of or belonging to a rock		piscis	fish
phaanthen	clear, conspicuous		piscator	fisherman
phagos	to eat		pistrix	sea monster or shark
phalanges (phalanx)	bones of fingers or toes		plaites	even and flat surface
phalara	a boss used to adorn head-gear for playing draughts or checkers		plani	flat
phangin	to eat		planites	smooth surface
phaidros	shining, joyful		Plegadis	genus name of ibis
pharcido	wrinkle		plesio	near
phasco (los), phaskolos	pouch, bag		pliosus	hair
phasma	phantom or ghost		plurimi	multiple
philoinos	one who likes wine		porca	a ridge between two furrows
philos	loving		porrectus	stretche out
philydros	water		portentificus	marvellous
phobos	fear		porus	an opening, porous
phokos	seal		positus	situated, positioned
pholis	scale/scute		potissimus	better
phoneus	murder, assassin		praecisio	fragment or scrap
phoro	bear, carry		pravus	evil or wicked
phreatos (phrear)	“well, cistern (subterranean waters)		pretium	value or worth
phrouretor	watcher, guardian		prima	First, primitive
phryne	toad		primordius	earliest
phthino	decline, wane, waiste		primus	Premier, first
phyge	exile, banishment		prisciculus	little fish
phyllon	leaf		priscus	ancient, of venerable age
phym	tubercule		pristis	a large sea monster, often used for sharks
physis	form, nature		Pro	forward
phytalia	garden		procerus	slim
phthino	decline, wane		pronus	bent over forward
pikros	sharp-pointed		prolatus	extended or elongated
pileus	hat		prolixus	wide outstanding
pinak- (pinax)	small board, plank		provincialis	Provence
pion	plump		pteryx	Wing or fin
pipos	a young bird or chick		pulchellus	pretty
pipto	fall		pulcher	beautiful
pistos	liquid		pueri	boys
plac- (plax)	broad, flat surface		pus	foot
place	plate		pusillus	tiny
Plagi, plagios	oblique		putilla	poppet
Platalea	the generic name of the spoonbill
plate	a blade, and, especially in the pleura, the shoulder-blades
platy-/platys	Broad, flat, wide
plegas	little sickle
plemmyris	tide or wave
pleon	more
plesios	near, approaching
Pleura, pleuron	rib, side
plinthos	brick
pnigalion	nightmare
pnous	breath
pod- (pous), podo, podus	foot
podokes	swift of foot"
poikilos	Mottled, varied
polos	young animal, colt, foal
polyclon-	numerous small branches
Poly, polys	much, many, several
poreia	mode of walking
Poros, porus	pore
porosis	callosity
potamos	river
pous	foot
prenes	inclined, sloping
prion	saw
prister	sawyer
pro-	before, first or primary
probaino	to go before or forward
pros	in addition
proseios	toward the sun
Prosopo, prosopon	face, appearance
protenus	first, forward
protome	face of an animal
Protos, proteros	First, or earliest form of
psalidion, the diminutive form of psalis	clipper, scissors
pseud	fake, fraud
pseudos	false
psephos	stone, pebble
psittakos	parrot
pteno	bird
pteron	wing, feather
pterugion	a little wing
pterygium	wing-like
ptilotos	winged
ptomas	dead body
ptychion	plate
pyge	rump
ptygos	folded
ptykh- (pteryx)	fold, ridge
pteryx	feather, wing
ptykhos	fold, wrinkle, ridge
pycnos	dense
pygmaios	dwarf
pylai	gate
pyros	fire

Q
quasi	almost		quaesitus	abnormal, uncommon
			quinque	five

R
radus	row		ramus	Branch
raptor	hunter		rana	frog
reini	Johannes Justus Rein		rapax	grasping
reticularis	meshy, netlike, reticulate		rarus	scattered or rare
rhabdos	rod, stave		regalia	Royal
rhacheos	spine		remotus	deviating
rhadinos	slender, tapering, lithe		raptor	robber, plunder, theif, one who seizes or takes, by force, ravisher, abductor
rhakhis	spine, ridge		rarus	rare
rhamphos	beak		ratis	raft
rhegma	rupture, breach		repen	reptile
rhigos	frost or cold		resimus	turned up
rhin (rhis), rhinos, rhinus	Snout, the nose		reticulum, reticulatus	reticulated
rhiza	root		Rex, regis	king
rhomaleos	strong, robust		rictus	display of teeth, grin or smile, open mouth or jaw
rhopalon	club		robusto-	stout
rhampho-, combination form of rhamphos	beak		robusutus	robust or strong
Rhynch/rhynchos/ rhynchus/ rhygkhos	beak, snout, muzzle		rostris, rostralis	Nose or snout
			rostrum	Beak, snout
			rotundus	round, circular
			ruber	red
			rubes	thornbush or bramble
			rubrica	red earth
			rubeo	ruber, rubrus, red
			ruga	wrinkle
			rugae	uneven, wrinkled
			rugosus	wrinkled
			pumilio	dwarf
			rumpo	state of being dehiscent or split
			rupes	cliffs

S
sage	complete armor		sabuli	sand
sagitta	arrow		sagax	acute, sharp
Sarkos, sarx	flesh		salii	jumpers
sphaira	ball		salire	to spring, leap, bound
saura	feminine, lizard		salis	salt
sauridion	little lizard or reptile		Salluvii	Salluviens, Marselle
saurophagos	reptile-eater		Salto	leap
sauros	lizard		sanctus	Holy
schizo	split		Latinized Greek noun, saurus	lizard
scutum	leather shield		saturator	he who gives satisfaction
scytobrachion	leathery arm		scabr, scabrosus	rough
seism, sesimos	earthquake		Scandere, scando	climb
sesame	sesame seed, a flat cake		scindo	tear
serridentatus	serrated		scutellum-	a little shield
siagon	cheek, jawbone		scutum	Shield, oblong shield
sibiricus	Siberian		scytha	Scythian
Simos	flat nose, pug-nosed		secerno	sever of divide
simos	depressed, concave		sedere	to be in a sitting position
sin	China		segnis	slow, sluggish
sinai	Chinese		selene	moon
sinte	destructive		sella/sellos	saddle
silphe	cockroach		semi	half
skalenos	unlike, unequal		semiplenus	Incomplete
skapane	spade		sentis	spine
skaphe	boat or tub		sepis	a lizard or snake
skartes	nimble		sericum, serikos	silk
Skele, skelid- (skelis)	limb		series	row
skeliphros	thin or slender		serpentis	snake
skeros	stiff		serra	saw
skia	shadow		serratus	serrated
skleros	hard, stiff		serotinus	late
skinkos	skink		spalax	mole
skalop- (skalops)	mole		sex	six
Skolos	spine, thorn		sigmoidalis	sigmoidal
skos	watcher		silva	woods, forest
skotios	dark		similis	Similar or likely
skylak-, skylax	young dog or whelp		Sina, sinensis	China
skymos	lion cub		sinus	bay
smili	chisel		skorpios	scorpion
smiros	small		solidus	solid, compact
solos	pointed		sollers	skillful, clever, quick,  adroit, dexterous
soma	body		solus	alone
sophia	wisdom		somnium	dream
Souchos, soukhos	crocodile		sordidus	filthy
spanios	scarce, rare		sorex	shrew
spatha	any broad blade of wood or metal		soror	sister
spelaion	cave		spica	spike
sphageus	killer, butcher, slaughter		spina	needle, spine, spike
sphargis	turtle-like (Sphargis is a junior synonym of Dermochelys; Merrem, 1820)		spinosum	spinous
sphaira	ball		squama	scale
sphenos	wedge		squamata	scales
			squamosus	squamous
spinax	spine		sternuss	active, vigorous
spinifer	carrying thorns		strangulus	layered
			stratum, strati	bed
spondylus	vertebrae		stria	furrow, groove
stagon	drop		sub	under
stalic-	stalagmite-like		subula	awl
stego	covered		sulcus	groove
Steno, stenos	narrow		super	Above, upward
stephane	crown, helmet		Supremus, superus,	above, upper, high
Steros, stereos	solid, strong, firm
sternon	chest, breastbone
sthenaros	strong, robust
stoma	mouth
stratiotes	solider, warrior
streptos	turned, curved, reversed
strongylos	round
strophos	crown, diadem
strophos	strap, rope, ribbon
stropheus	joint, hinge, vertebra
strouthion	ostrich
styl	pillar or column
stylos	Beam, pillar
stylus	pointed instrument
stonyx	any sharp point
stypos	stypmpy
Styrak- (styrax)	spike, spear
sveltos	agile or nimble
sykon	fig
syn	with, together
syngonos	of the same parent, kindred
synostos (from synotheo)	to thrust together
syphax	sweet new wine
syrmos	train, current track, anything dragged
sysphinktos	sysphiggo “to draw together
stoma	mouth
streptophoros	collar-wearing
styrak- (styraz)	spike on the end of spear
suchos	crocodile
suchos	Egyptian crocodile-headed god Sebek
symmetros	symmetric
symphyos	fused, solid
syn	together
syos	hog

T
tachy	neck		tardus	late
talaros	basket		tarso	ankle
tany-	long, stretched out		Tauro, taurus	Bull
taos	peacock		tectum	roof
tapeinos	low, humble		temporatus	steady
tarbos	fear, terror, dread		tener	soft, delicate
tarratein	double sense of to dig, to burrow, as well as to cause confusion		tenera	young
tarsos	tarsus		tenuicroticus	thin-skinned
tarsus	ankle		tenuis	Narrow, thin
tatheis	stretched, extended		terminos	last
Tauros	bull		terror	fright, fear, terror
taurus	lizard		tertius	third
tecton	roof		testa	shell
tegos	roof		testaceus (-um)	of animals covered with shell
teichos	protective wall		testudo	turtle
teinein	to tend toward		tetragonias	square-faced (Greek, tetra, “four”, Greek, gonia, “angle”, + ia
teino	stretch		thalassa	sea
tele	far off		theroum	beast
telmat- (telma),	swamp, marsh		thorax	corselet, breastplate
teleos	complete, full		thrax	gladiator, secutor
temno	to cut		tiro	apprentice
tenon	sinew		tranversus	transverse, oblique
tenthes	glutton, epicure		tri	three
tetra	four		thronus (n.)	an elevated seat or throne
teras	wonder, prodigy		thyra	fenestrae (dorsal)
teratos	wonder, or monster		tonitrus	thunder
tetrgonos	four-cornered, rectangular		tortusosus	difficult, incomprehensible
thalassa	the sea		torvus	savage, cruel, wild
thanato	death		tracho	pull
thambema	monster		tri	three
thaumas, personified form of Greek, thauma	wonder, prodigy		transitans	variable, transitional
thaumato- (thauma	wonder, monster		trucido	to kill cruelly
thaumastos	astonishing		tuber	node
			turgidus	swollen
theios	belonging to the gods		Turcus	Turk or Turkish
theke	sheath, socket		tyrannus	king or tyrant
thekon	small receptacle
thele	Nipple, breast
ther	wild beast" (Mammal)
thereuo	hunt, pursue
Therion, therium	beast
therates	hunter
therio (therium)	beast
theristes	one who reaps or harvests, reaper
therizo	mow, reap
theskelos	wonderful, astonishing, surprising
thespesios	wonderful, immense
thlao	crush
thlastos	crushed
thlipsis	compressed
thon	snout
Ther, therion	Beast
theridion	little beast
theristes	reaper of the depth
thlastes	crusher
tholos	dome
thorax	cuirass or breastplate
thorektes	warrior armed with a breast plate
thrinax	trident
thuma	wonder
thyris	Opening, passage, hole
tigris	tiger
tino	punish
titanis	titan, giant
tomo	Cut, cutting, slicing
tomos	cutting or sharp
toreo	pierce, perforate
toretos	perforated
torotix	imitation of a bird’s cry
toxo	bow or arrow
trachys	rough
tráchi̱los, trakhelos	Scruff, neck
Treis, tri	three
trema (genitive: trematos)	hole, opening
tribo	grind
tribolos	three-pointed
trigonos	Triangle, three cornered
trinakros (Trinax)	trident, three-pointed tool
triptos	rubbed
trismos	grinding
triton	a newt
trogo	munch or nibble
triodous	trident, three-pronged
trokhos	badger
trokhos	wheel, round opening
troo	wound, injure, pierce
tropid-, tropis	keel
tyle	swelling, knob
tylos	knob, knot, swelling, callous, protuberance
typ- (gyps)	vulture
typos	impression
typus	type
tryggas	shore bird
tyrannos	Tyrant, king
tyrant	an illegitimate ruler
trypanon	to bore
tytthos	Little, small

U
uro-	tail		ultimus	last
			ultra	Beyond or extreme
			umbrosus	shady
			unda	wave
			undulatus	wavy
			ungius	nail, claw, or talon
			uni	one
			unicus	alone or solitary
			ulna	elbow
			unus	one
			ungula	hoof

V
velo	to cover		vadare	to go forth
venenica	posion		vagas	wanderer
volans	flying		valdus	Weald
			validum	strong
			valles	valley
			vana	delicate or fragile
			vara	various
			vari-	different
			vastus	deserted
			vastus	huge
			vates	seer or forteller
			Vectis	Isle of Wight
			vellus	fleece
			velox (gen. velocis)	swift
			veneons	poison
			venatrix	feminine form "hunter/huntress
			ventus	wind
			verruccarius	warty
			versper-	dusk
			vesc	thin, attenuated
			vesper	evening/west
			veterus	old
			vetus	old, ancient
			via	road
			viator-	traveller
			vigilia	keeping watch
			vilevol	glider
			vipera	venomous snake
			virdis	green
			viriosus	vigorous
			vivax	durable
			volans	flying
			volaticus	winged
			volcris (fem. of volcer)	flying, winged
			volucris	bird
			vor (e), vora	eating
			voro	devour
			vulgaris	common
			vulturinus	like a vulture

W

X
Xenos	strange, peculiar, foreign, alien		xylon	wood
xylos	wood

Y
yuridio	hybrid

Z
za	much, very		zephyrus	west wind
zopheros	gloom
zoster	a girdle or band
zostros (zoster)	Cone, girdle (cingulum)
zaps	storm
zygion	little yoke
zygoma	lintel, bar (arch of the cheek bone)

Greek Gods, Goddess and mythology
Abydos	the city along the Nile River (now El Araba del Madfuna) that was the burial place of the head and neck of Osiris, Egyptian god of life, death, and fertility		Argo	The ship for Jason and the Argonauts
adamastor	Adamastor was a mythological sea giant from the South Atlantic feared by the Portuguese sailors		draculae	Romanian word dracul meaning evil one
Aiolos/ Aeolus	god of the winds
Ajax	A Greek hero Ajax and legendary king of Salamis who plays an important role in Homer's Iliad.
Acheron	The River of Pain in the underworld of ancient Greek mythology		gryphus	a fabulous four-footed bird
Alcyone of Greek mythology	who was turned into a seabird
Arce	Winged messenger of the titans in Greek mythology
Aiolos	God of the winds
Antaeus (Greek, Antaios),	a mythical African giant who gained strength by touching the earth; killed Hercules
arimasporum	Greek, a legendary tribe of one-eyed people who lived beyond the Issedones in the Hyperborean lands according to Herodotus
Atlant- (Atlas)	mythical Titan
Boreas	Greek god of the north wind
Cerberus	Greek mythical three-headed dog that guarded the gates to Hades
Daedalus	inventor of wings and the father of Icarus
Diomedes	a Greek Hero
Doto	one of the Nereids in Greek mythology
Dryads	forest nymphs
erebos	a place of darkness in the nether world
gorgon	a mythical monster
harpyia	Harpies, mythical bird-like monsters
Hekata	goddess of magic and enchantment		Haesta	putative pre-Roman chieftain whose people apparently settled the area of Hastings
Hymen	god of marriage
Kerberos	the three-headed, snake-adorned hell-hound of Greek mythology, some of the monstrous Typhon and Echidna, keeper of the gate of Hades, the nether world of the dead.
Keres	deathsprits who personified violent death in Greek mythology and are associated to doom and/or plunder
Kronos	a giant Titan in Greek mythology who devoured his own children, also symbol of old age (Saturn in Roman mythology)
Minotaur	Man with a bull head
Okeanos	A Titan of Greek mythology
Orion	hunter of Greek mythology
Otozoum	Otus, one of the fabled praeadamic giants. In Greek mythology, Otus was one of two sons of Iphimedia, wife of Aloeus by Poseidon. Otus/Otos means insatiate, and his brother Ephialtes means nightmare, both were the Aloadae/Aloads.
Ouranos	the father of the Titans		janiceps	Janus, Latin, Roman god with two faces and god of gates and beginnings
Poseidon	god of the sea, earthquakes, storms, and horses
Rhipaia	a mountain range in Hyperborea at the end of the Earth, in Greek, legend, identified with the Urals		Matuta	Roman goddess of dawn
Scyll	a sea monster of classical mythology
Stig- (Styx)	the mythical underground river which shades passed on their way to hades
Talos	mythological, fleetfooted protector of Crete,		Silvanus	Roman God of the woods
Thanatos	God of and embodiment of death
Theys	goddess of the Sea
Titan	race of ancient giant
titan	Offspring of Uranus and Gaea, symbolic of brute strength and large size		Vulcanus	Roman god of fire
Triton	Greek marine God with man's body and fish's tail.
Zephyros	A Greek god of the west wind